In addition to the persistent challenges facing Nigeria’s agricultural sector—such as farmer-herder conflicts, post-harvest losses, and the high cost of inputs—a significant debate has emerged over the safety and implications of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) crops.
GMO crops undergo genetic alterations that introduce new genes or modify existing ones to enhance desirable traits. This scientific manipulation is intended to improve crop yield, resistance to pests or diseases, and adaptability to environmental conditions.
The controversy surrounding GMOs in Nigeria has been characterized by geopolitical tensions, particularly between global powers like the United States and China, vying for dominance in African markets, including Nigeria. Critics argue that this competition overlooks local agricultural needs and potential health risks associated with GMO consumption.
A recent survey conducted by the Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF) highlighted significant findings regarding GMO presence in Nigeria. States such as the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja), Lagos, Rivers, Kano, Edo, Cross River, Oyo, Enugu, and Delta were identified as having the highest consumption of GM products, predominantly cereals and chips imported from the United States. These products are genetically modified and contain bioengineered ingredients, indicating a growing trend within Nigeria’s food supply chain.
Key findings from the survey underscore several critical issues: A notable 60% increase in new GMO products in recent years reflects a rising adoption of genetically modified ingredients in processed foods across Nigerian markets. Many consumers lack adequate knowledge about GMOs and their potential implications for health and agriculture, necessitating enhanced awareness campaigns to empower informed decision-making.
Labeling practices have evolved, shifting towards terms like “bio-engineered ingredients,” which may obscure transparency and consumer choice, raising questions about regulatory oversight.
Stakeholders within Nigeria’s agricultural sector have voiced concerns regarding potential health risks associated with GMO consumption. Dr. Jackie Ikeotuonye, CEO of Bio Integrity and Natural Food Awareness Initiative (BINFAI), emphasized concerns over rising cancer rates allegedly linked to GMO consumption. She criticized the adequacy of Nigeria’s labeling laws and urged regulatory bodies like NAFDAC, Nigerian Customs Service, and Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Services (NAQS) to bolster oversight and transparency.
Furthermore, Donald Ikenna from the Alliance for Action on Pesticide in Nigeria highlighted broader agricultural challenges, including the widespread use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. He pointed out that GMO crops, designed to withstand these chemicals, might inadvertently perpetuate their overuse, posing environmental and health risks.
In response to these concerns, representatives from Nigeria’s agricultural research and regulatory bodies, including the Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN), National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), and National Agricultural Seed Council (NASC), defended the safety and benefits of GMOs. They cited scientific evidence supporting GMOs’ role in enhancing crop productivity, pest resistance, and environmental sustainability.
Professors and executives from these agencies underscored local advancements in biotechnology, such as the development of genetically modified varieties like Pod Borer Resistant (PBR) cowpea, tailored to address specific agricultural challenges in Nigeria. They reassured farmers and consumers that GMO crops undergo rigorous safety assessments and regulatory scrutiny before being approved for commercial use.
In conclusion, while the debate over GMO crops in Nigeria remains contentious, it underscores the need for balanced perspectives, robust regulatory frameworks, and transparent communication. This approach is crucial to addressing public concerns, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices, and promoting informed decision-making aligned with Nigeria’s agricultural and health priorities.
From Okwe Obi, The SUN
